Nucleotides
The nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, sugar and a nitrogenous base. For DNA , the sugar molecule is represented by deoxyribose and for RNA - ribose. There are five nitrogenous bases: uracil, thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine. Uracil is included only in RNA, thymine is found only in DNA. Adenine and guacine are derivatives of purine; thymine, cytosine and uracil - pyrimidine.Nucleotides are joined together by two phosphate groups, joining the third and fifth carbon atom in sugar, a base is attached to the first atom.
The DNA molecule is the main component of the chromosomes of cells and the keeper of genetic information. It consists of two long chains of nucleotides arranged in the form of a spiral. The chains of polynucleotides are interconnected by a hydrogen bond between purine and pyrimidine: adenine combines with thymine, guanine with cytazine.The sequence of nitrogenous bases contains genetic information, which gives individuality to each organism.
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