Ion Hf³⁺

Symbol	Hf3+
Number	72
Atomic weight	178.4900000
Latin name	Hafnium
English name	Hafnium

How to build an electronic configuration by yourself? See link

Electronic configuration of of Hafnium

Hf: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d² → Hf³⁺:1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶6s²4f¹³5d⁰

Same electronic configuration has an ion of Hafnium +3 and Tm, Ta⁺⁴, W⁺⁵, Re⁺⁶, Os⁺⁷

The order of filling the shells with electrons of Hafnium (Hf³⁺): 1s → 2s → 2p → 3s → 3p → 4s → 3d → 4p → 5s → 4d → 5p → 6s → 4f → 5d → 6p → 7s → 5f → 6d → 7p.

On the sub level ‘s’ there might be 2 electrons at most, on ‘p’ - up to 6, on ‘d’ - up to 10 and up to 14 on ‘f’

Hafnium has 72 electrons, let's fill electronic layers in described order:

2 electrons on 1s-sub level

2 electrons on 2s-sub level

6 electrons on 2p-sub level

2 electrons on 3s-sub level

6 electrons on 3p-sub level

2 electrons on 4s-sub level

10 electrons on 3d-sub level

6 electrons on 4p-sub level

2 electrons on 5s-sub level

10 electrons on 4d-sub level

6 electrons on 5p-sub level

2 electrons on 6s-sub level

13 electrons on 4f-sub level

Oxidation state of Hafnium

Atoms of Hafnium in compounds have an oxidation state of 4, 3, 2, 1.

The oxidation state is the conditional charge of an atom in a compound: the bond in a molecule between atoms is based on the sharing of electrons, thus, if the atom’s charge virtually increases, then the oxidation state is negative (electrons carry a negative charge), if the charge decreases, then the oxidation state is positive.

Oxidation state of an ion Hf³⁺ = 3

Ions of Hafnium

Valence of Hf³⁺

Atoms of Hafnium in compounds have valence IV, III, II, I.

Valence of Hafnium is an ability of an atom Hf to build chemical bounds. The valence is based on electronic configuration of atom: electrons participated in chemical bounds are known as valence electrons. In general the valence is:

The number of possible chemical bounds with other atoms

The valence has no sign.

Quantum numbers Hf ³⁺

Quantum numbers are defined by the last electron in configuration, for an ion Hf these numbers are N = 4, L = 3, M_l = 2, M_s = -½

Filling an electronic configuration (gif):



Result: