Lithium Li
Lithium is the 3 element in periodic table situated in 2 period.| Symbol | Li |
| Number | 3 |
| Atomic weight | 6.9380000 |
| Latin name | Lithium |
| English name | Lithium |
Electronic configuration of of Lithium
Li: 1s2 2s1
Short notation:
Li: [He]2s1
Same electronic configuration has an atom of Lithium and B+2, C+3, N+4
The order of filling the shells with electrons of Lithium (Li): 1s → 2s → 2p → 3s → 3p → 4s → 3d → 4p → 5s → 4d → 5p → 6s → 4f → 5d → 6p → 7s → 5f → 6d → 7p.
On the sub level ‘s’ there might be 2 electrons at most, on ‘p’ - up to 6, on ‘d’ - up to 10 and up to 14 on ‘f’
Lithium has 3 electrons, let's fill electronic layers in described order:
2 electrons on 1s-sub level
1 electron on 2s-sub level
Oxidation state of Lithium
Atoms of Lithium in compounds have an oxidation state of 1, -1.
The oxidation state is the conditional charge of an atom in a compound: the bond in a molecule between atoms is based on the sharing of electrons, thus, if the atom’s charge virtually increases, then the oxidation state is negative (electrons carry a negative charge), if the charge decreases, then the oxidation state is positive.
Ions of Lithium
Valence of Li
Atoms of Lithium in compounds have valence I.
Valence of Lithium is an ability of an atom Li to build chemical bounds. The valence is based on electronic configuration of atom: electrons participated in chemical bounds are known as valence electrons. In general the valence is:
The number of possible chemical bounds with other atoms
The valence has no sign.
Quantum numbers Li
Quantum numbers are defined by the last electron in configuration, for an atom Li these numbers are N = 2, L = 0, Ml = 0, Ms = +½
Filling an electronic configuration (gif):
Result:
Compounds of Lithium
| Type | Formula | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Oxide | Li2O | Lithium oxide |
| Peroxide | Li2O2 | Lithium peroxide |
| Base | LiOH | Lithium hydroxide |
| Salt | Li2CO3 | Lithium Carbonate |
Ionization energy
The closer the electron is to the center of the atom, the more energy is needed to tear it off. The energy spent on removing an electron from an atom is called ionization energy and is designated Eo. Unless otherwise stated, the ionization energy is the energy of removal of the first electron, and there are also ionization energies for each subsequent electron.
Ionization energy of Li:
Eo = 520 kJ/mol
See all elements of the periodic table
Where is Li in the periodic table?
