Gold Au
Gold is the 79 element in periodic table situated in 6 period.| Symbol | Au |
| Number | 79 |
| Atomic weight | 196.9665690 |
| Latin name | Aurum |
| English name | Gold |
Electronic configuration of of Gold
Au: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d10
Short notation:
Au: [Xe]6s1 4f14 5d10
The same amount of electrons as an atom of Gold have: Hg+1
The order of filling the shells with electrons of Gold (Au): 1s → 2s → 2p → 3s → 3p → 4s → 3d → 4p → 5s → 4d → 5p → 6s → 4f → 5d → 6p → 7s → 5f → 6d → 7p.
On the sub level ‘s’ there might be 2 electrons at most, on ‘p’ - up to 6, on ‘d’ - up to 10 and up to 14 on ‘f’
Gold has 79 electrons, let's fill electronic layers in described order:
2 electrons on 1s-sub level
2 electrons on 2s-sub level
6 electrons on 2p-sub level
2 electrons on 3s-sub level
6 electrons on 3p-sub level
2 electrons on 4s-sub level
10 electrons on 3d-sub level
6 electrons on 4p-sub level
2 electrons on 5s-sub level
10 electrons on 4d-sub level
6 electrons on 5p-sub level
1 electron on 6s-sub level
14 electrons on 4f-sub level
10 electrons on 5d-sub level
Oxidation state of Gold
Atoms of Gold in compounds have an oxidation state of 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1.
The oxidation state is the conditional charge of an atom in a compound: the bond in a molecule between atoms is based on the sharing of electrons, thus, if the atom’s charge virtually increases, then the oxidation state is negative (electrons carry a negative charge), if the charge decreases, then the oxidation state is positive.
Ions of Gold
Valence of Au
Atoms of Gold in compounds have valence VII, V, III, II, I.
Valence of Gold is an ability of an atom Au to build chemical bounds. The valence is based on electronic configuration of atom: electrons participated in chemical bounds are known as valence electrons. In general the valence is:
The number of possible chemical bounds with other atoms
The valence has no sign.
Quantum numbers Au
Quantum numbers are defined by the last electron in configuration, for an atom Au these numbers are N = 5, L = 2, Ml = 2, Ms = -½
Filling an electronic configuration (gif):
Result:
Ionization energy
The closer the electron is to the center of the atom, the more energy is needed to tear it off. The energy spent on removing an electron from an atom is called ionization energy and is designated Eo. Unless otherwise stated, the ionization energy is the energy of removal of the first electron, and there are also ionization energies for each subsequent electron.
Ionization energy of Au:
Eo = 890 kJ/mol
See all elements of the periodic table
Where is Au in the periodic table?
