Niobium Nb
Niobium is the 41 element in periodic table situated in 5 period.| Symbol | Nb |
| Number | 41 |
| Atomic weight | 92.9063700 |
| Latin name | Niobium |
| English name | Niobium |
Electronic configuration of of Niobium
Nb: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d4
Short notation:
Nb: [Kr]5s1 4d4
The same amount of electrons as an atom of Niobium have: Tc+2
The order of filling the shells with electrons of Niobium (Nb): 1s → 2s → 2p → 3s → 3p → 4s → 3d → 4p → 5s → 4d → 5p → 6s → 4f → 5d → 6p → 7s → 5f → 6d → 7p.
On the sub level ‘s’ there might be 2 electrons at most, on ‘p’ - up to 6, on ‘d’ - up to 10 and up to 14 on ‘f’
Niobium has 41 electrons, let's fill electronic layers in described order:
2 electrons on 1s-sub level
2 electrons on 2s-sub level
6 electrons on 2p-sub level
2 electrons on 3s-sub level
6 electrons on 3p-sub level
2 electrons on 4s-sub level
10 electrons on 3d-sub level
6 electrons on 4p-sub level
1 electron on 5s-sub level
4 electrons on 4d-sub level
Oxidation state of Niobium
Atoms of Niobium in compounds have an oxidation state of 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -3.
The oxidation state is the conditional charge of an atom in a compound: the bond in a molecule between atoms is based on the sharing of electrons, thus, if the atom’s charge virtually increases, then the oxidation state is negative (electrons carry a negative charge), if the charge decreases, then the oxidation state is positive.
Ions of Niobium
Valence of Nb
Atoms of Niobium in compounds have valence V, IV, III, II, I.
Valence of Niobium is an ability of an atom Nb to build chemical bounds. The valence is based on electronic configuration of atom: electrons participated in chemical bounds are known as valence electrons. In general the valence is:
The number of possible chemical bounds with other atoms
The valence has no sign.
Quantum numbers Nb
Quantum numbers are defined by the last electron in configuration, for an atom Nb these numbers are N = 4, L = 2, Ml = 1, Ms = +½
Filling an electronic configuration (gif):
Result:
Ionization energy
The closer the electron is to the center of the atom, the more energy is needed to tear it off. The energy spent on removing an electron from an atom is called ionization energy and is designated Eo. Unless otherwise stated, the ionization energy is the energy of removal of the first electron, and there are also ionization energies for each subsequent electron.
Ionization energy of Nb:
Eo = 652 kJ/mol
See all elements of the periodic table
Where is Nb in the periodic table?
