Ion Th³⁺

Symbol	Th3+
Number	90
Atomic weight	232.0377000
Latin name	Thorium
English name	Thorium

How to build an electronic configuration by yourself? See link

Electronic configuration of of Thorium

Th: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 6d² → Th³⁺:1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p⁶7s¹6d⁰

Same electronic configuration has an ion of Thorium +3 and Fr, Pa⁺⁴, U⁺⁵, Np⁺⁶, Pu⁺⁷

The order of filling the shells with electrons of Thorium (Th³⁺): 1s → 2s → 2p → 3s → 3p → 4s → 3d → 4p → 5s → 4d → 5p → 6s → 4f → 5d → 6p → 7s → 5f → 6d → 7p.

On the sub level ‘s’ there might be 2 electrons at most, on ‘p’ - up to 6, on ‘d’ - up to 10 and up to 14 on ‘f’

Thorium has 90 electrons, let's fill electronic layers in described order:

2 electrons on 1s-sub level

2 electrons on 2s-sub level

6 electrons on 2p-sub level

2 electrons on 3s-sub level

6 electrons on 3p-sub level

2 electrons on 4s-sub level

10 electrons on 3d-sub level

6 electrons on 4p-sub level

2 electrons on 5s-sub level

10 electrons on 4d-sub level

6 electrons on 5p-sub level

2 electrons on 6s-sub level

14 electrons on 4f-sub level

10 electrons on 5d-sub level

6 electrons on 6p-sub level

1 electron on 7s-sub level

Oxidation state of Thorium

Atoms of Thorium in compounds have an oxidation state of 4, 3, 2.

The oxidation state is the conditional charge of an atom in a compound: the bond in a molecule between atoms is based on the sharing of electrons, thus, if the atom’s charge virtually increases, then the oxidation state is negative (electrons carry a negative charge), if the charge decreases, then the oxidation state is positive.

Oxidation state of an ion Th³⁺ = 3

Ions of Thorium

Valence of Th³⁺

Atoms of Thorium in compounds have valence IV, III, II.

Valence of Thorium is an ability of an atom Th to build chemical bounds. The valence is based on electronic configuration of atom: electrons participated in chemical bounds are known as valence electrons. In general the valence is:

The number of possible chemical bounds with other atoms

The valence has no sign.

Quantum numbers Th ³⁺

Quantum numbers are defined by the last electron in configuration, for an ion Th these numbers are N = 7, L = 0, M_l = 0, M_s = +½

Filling an electronic configuration (gif):



Result: